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NEW QUESTION # 49
Which of the following is NOT a part of Internal Process Optimization?
- A. Business Metamorphosis
- B. Business Optimization
- C. None of the above
- D. Business Monitoring
- E. Business Insights
Answer: A
Explanation:
Internal Process Optimization (IPO) is one of the core applications of data science in business operations. It focuses on improving internal efficiency, reducing costs, and enhancing productivity using data-driven insights.
Typical components of IPO include:
Business Monitoring (Option A): Tracking performance metrics and KPIs in real time.
Business Insights (Option C): Identifying trends, anomalies, and inefficiencies through analytics.
Business Optimization (Option D): Applying data models to optimize workflows, resource utilization, or supply chains.
However:
Business Metamorphosis (Option B): Refers to fundamental transformational change or reinvention of a business model, not process-level optimization. This is more aligned with strategic transformation, not internal process optimization.
Therefore, the correct answer is Option B (Business Metamorphosis).
Reference:
DASCA Data Scientist Knowledge Framework (DSKF) - Business Applications of Data Science: Internal Process Optimization.
NEW QUESTION # 50
What is Scrum?
- A. Scrum and Agile are the same
- B. Agile is a subset of Scrum
- C. Scrum is a subset of Agile
- D. None of the above
Answer: C
Explanation:
Scrum is a framework used to implement Agile principles. Agile itself is the overarching philosophy or mindset, while Scrum is one of the most popular frameworks that apply Agile values in practice.
Option A (Correct): Scrum is indeed a subset of Agile. Agile defines the principles (from the Agile Manifesto), and Scrum provides the structure (roles, artifacts, ceremonies).
Option B: Incorrect. Agile is broader and not a subset of Scrum.
Option C: Incorrect. Scrum and Agile are not the same; Agile is the philosophy, Scrum is a methodology under Agile.
Option D: Incorrect because Option A is valid.
Thus, the correct answer is Option A: Scrum is a subset of Agile.
Reference:
DASCA Data Scientist Knowledge Framework (DSKF) - Agile and Scrum in Data Science Projects.
NEW QUESTION # 51
A burn down chart shows:
- A. The declining energy of the team
- B. The volume of work and features completed
- C. The rate of reduction of budget for a project
- D. The number of hours worked after dark
Answer: B
Explanation:
A burn down chart is a graphical representation used in Agile project management (including data science projects) to track progress. It typically plots time on the x-axis and work remaining on the y-axis.
Option A: Incorrect. Burn down charts don't measure team "energy" or motivation levels.
Option B: Correct. The chart illustrates how much work remains versus how much has been completed, helping teams visualize progress toward goals. It helps identify whether the project is on track to finish within the sprint or deadline.
Option C: Incorrect. Hours worked after dark is irrelevant.
Option D: Incorrect. Budget reduction is not tracked in burn down charts.
Thus, the purpose of a burn down chart is to show the remaining work (tasks, story points, or features) decreasing over time. This provides transparency, supports stakeholder communication, and helps teams manage pace and velocity.
Reference:
DASCA Data Scientist Knowledge Framework (DSKF) - Data Project Management & Agile Tools in Data Science.
NEW QUESTION # 52
Self-driving car is an example of:
- A. Unsupervised learning
- B. All of the above
- C. Supervised learning
- D. Reinforcement learning
Answer: D
Explanation:
Self-driving cars (autonomous vehicles) are an application of Reinforcement Learning (RL) in machine learning:
In RL, an agent (car) interacts with an environment (roads, obstacles, traffic) and learns to maximize rewards (e.g., safe driving, efficient navigation).
The system improves performance through trial-and-error learning, guided by reward signals such as staying in a lane or avoiding collisions.
Supervised learning (A): Used in some supporting tasks like image recognition (e.g., identifying stop signs), but not the core paradigm for self-driving.
Unsupervised learning (B): Useful for clustering sensor data, but again not the main paradigm.
Reinforcement learning (C): Correct, since self-driving fundamentally depends on RL decision-making.
Thus, the correct answer is Option C (Reinforcement Learning).
Reference:
DASCA Data Scientist Knowledge Framework (DSKF) - Machine Learning Paradigms: Reinforcement Learning and Autonomous Systems.
NEW QUESTION # 53
Which of the following is True about Time Series Analysis?
- A. Predicting when/whether an event will occur, such as a failure of the machine generating the data
- B. Identifying interesting patterns in a corpus of time series data that is too large for a human to comb through
- C. Projecting the value of the time series at future points in time, such as a stock whose price we want to predict
- D. All of the above
- E. Both A and B
Answer: D
Explanation:
Time Series Analysis (TSA) is the process of analyzing data collected sequentially over time to extract meaningful insights.Applications include:
Option A: Correct. Event prediction (e.g., failure detection in IoT or predictive maintenance).
Option B: Correct. Forecasting future values (e.g., stock price, sales forecasting).
Option C: Correct. Pattern discovery in large-scale time series datasets using clustering, anomaly detection, or seasonality detection.
Since all three are true, the best answer is Option E (All of the above).
Reference:
DASCA Data Scientist Knowledge Framework (DSKF) - Analytics and Machine Learning: Time Series Analysis and Forecasting.
NEW QUESTION # 54
SpamAssassin has been developed to detect:
- A. Email with big attachments
- B. Spam emails
- C. None of the above
- D. Email with virus
Answer: B
Explanation:
Apache SpamAssassin is one of the most widely used open-source tools for spam email detection.
It applies a rule-based system combined with Bayesian filtering, heuristics, and collaborative filtering methods to classify incoming emails as spam or legitimate.
Option A (Spam emails): Correct, this is the main function.
Option B (Big attachments): Incorrect. Large attachment filtering is not its primary purpose.
Option C (Email with virus): Incorrect. That falls under antivirus or malware detection tools, not SpamAssassin.
Option D: Incorrect since A is valid.
Thus, the correct answer is Option A (Spam emails).
Reference:
DASCA Data Scientist Knowledge Framework (DSKF) - Business Applications of Data Science: Email Filtering and Text Mining.
NEW QUESTION # 55
ARIMA model is:
- A. Autoregressive moving average
- B. Autoreactive moving average
- C. All of the above
- D. Autointeractive moving average
- E. Autoresponsive moving average
Answer: A
Explanation:
ARIMA stands for AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average, one of the most widely used models for time series forecasting.
AutoRegressive (AR): Model uses past values of the variable to predict future values.
Integrated (I): Differencing is applied to make the time series stationary.
Moving Average (MA): Model incorporates past forecast errors into predictions.
Option B: Correct - autoregressive + moving average is part of ARIMA's name.
Options A, C, D: Incorrect because these terms are not recognized statistical modeling frameworks.
Option E: Incorrect, since only B is valid.
Thus, the correct answer is Option B.
Reference:
DASCA Data Scientist Knowledge Framework (DSKF) - Analytics: Time Series Models (AR, MA, ARIMA).
NEW QUESTION # 56
What is the agenda of discussion at a "stand up" meeting of an Agile team?
- A. What they are planning to do today
- B. What they accomplished the previous day
- C. Any roadblocks they are running into
- D. All of the above
- E. Both A and B
Answer: D
Explanation:
A daily stand-up meeting (also called a daily Scrum) is a short meeting (usually 15 minutes) that Agile teams hold to synchronize progress. Its agenda is structured around three key questions:
What was accomplished yesterday? (Progress review).
What is planned for today? (Work alignment).
What impediments or roadblocks exist? (Barriers identification).
This process enhances transparency, communication, and accountability, ensuring the team can quickly address obstacles and stay aligned with sprint goals.
Option A: Correct - yesterday's work is discussed.
Option B: Correct - today's planned tasks are outlined.
Option C: Correct - roadblocks are highlighted.
Option D: Incomplete since it misses C.
Option E: Correct - covers all agenda items.
Thus, the correct answer is Option E (All of the above).
Reference:
DASCA Data Scientist Knowledge Framework (DSKF) - Agile Practices in Data Science Projects.
NEW QUESTION # 57
Which of the following is TRUE for "By" analysis?
- A. "By" analysis is used to create a collaborative technique to drive alignment between the business users and the data scientists to identify and brainstorm variables and metrics that might be better predictors of business performance.
- B. Both B and C
- C. The "By" analysis technique reinforces the process of "thinking like a data scientist."
- D. "By" analysis is a technique by which business subject matter experts (SMEs) and the Data Science team could collaborate to uncover new variables and metrics that might be better predictors of business performance.
- E. All of the above
Answer: E
Explanation:
"By" analysis is one of the foundational approaches recommended in the DASCA Data Scientist Knowledge Framework for structuring problem-solving in data science. The purpose of "By" analysis is to enable data scientists and business stakeholders to think beyond obvious data correlations and uncover deeper drivers of business outcomes.
At its core, the technique reinforces the discipline ofthinking like a data scientist(Option A). This involves reframing business questions into analytical structures and asking "What drives this metricbywhich factors?" For example, customer churn might be analyzedbydemographics, purchase behavior, or service usage. This structured mindset is critical for ensuring scientific rigor in business problem analysis.
In addition, "By" analysis emphasizes collaboration betweenSubject Matter Experts (SMEs)andData Science teams(Option B). SMEs bring contextual domain knowledge, while data scientists bring analytical and statistical expertise. Together, they brainstorm possible explanatory variables or metrics that could become strong predictors of business performance.
Furthermore, the process provides acollaborative bridgebetween business and technical stakeholders (Option C). It ensures that the exploration of data is not isolated in silos but is grounded in both domain insights and advanced analytical methods. This alignment is crucial for building models that are not only technically sound but also relevant and actionable in real-world business contexts.
Since Options A, B, and C are correct and complementary, the best choice isOption E: All of the above.
Reference:DASCA Data Scientist Knowledge Framework (DSKF) -Data Science Process Fundamentals & Collaborative Analysis Techniques(Official DASCA Study & Exam Preparation Guide).
NEW QUESTION # 58
Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) is a way to frame:
- A. Small class of problems in Data Science
- B. Large class of problems in Data Science
- C. Small class of problems in HDFS
- D. Both A and C
- E. Large class of problems in HDFS
Answer: B
Explanation:
Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) is a statistical method used to estimate the parameters of a model by maximizing the likelihood function - i.e., finding the parameters that make the observed data most probable.
Option A: Correct. MLE provides a framework for a large class of problems in data science, including regression, classification, generative models, and probabilistic inference.
Option B: Incorrect - it applies to many problems, not just a small subset.
Option C & D: Incorrect. HDFS (Hadoop Distributed File System) is a storage technology, unrelated to MLE.
Option E: Incorrect because C is invalid.
Thus, the correct answer is Option A (Large class of problems in Data Science).
Reference:
DASCA Data Scientist Knowledge Framework (DSKF) - Statistical Foundations: Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Inference in Data Science.
NEW QUESTION # 59
Which of the following is a trend analysis component of time series decomposition?
- A. Seasonal
- B. Irregular
- C. Cyclical
- D. All of the above
- E. Both A and B
Answer: D
Explanation:
Time series decomposition breaks down data into components to better understand underlying patterns and support forecasting. The main components are:
Trend: Long-term progression (upward or downward).
Seasonal: Repeating short-term patterns (e.g., monthly or quarterly).
Cyclical (Option A): Medium- to long-term cycles (e.g., business cycles).
Irregular/Residual (Option C): Random, unpredictable variations.
Since trend analysis involves examining cyclical, seasonal, and irregular components, the correct answer is Option E (All of the above).
Reference:
DASCA Data Scientist Knowledge Framework (DSKF) - Analytics: Time Series Decomposition and Trend Analysis.
NEW QUESTION # 60
Which of the following is correct about customer lifetime value (CLTV)?
i. Most organizations determine the current customer lifetime value (CLTV) based on historic sales over past
12 to 18 months
ii. The goal of the CLTV score is to help marketing and store personnel to determine the "value" of a customer
- A. Only i
- B. Both i and ii
- C. Only ii
Answer: B
Explanation:
Customer Lifetime Value (CLTV) is a predictive metric estimating the total revenue a business can reasonably expect from a customer during their entire relationship.
Statement i: Correct. Many organizations calculate CLTV using historic transactional data, often looking at sales records over the past 12-18 months to establish baselines.
Statement ii: Correct. The primary purpose of CLTV is to help marketing, sales, and retail teams understand customer value, enabling them to allocate budgets effectively for retention, promotions, and personalized marketing.
Thus, both statements are correct # Option C (Both i and ii).
Reference:
DASCA Data Scientist Knowledge Framework (DSKF) - Business Applications of Data Science: CLTV Metrics and Marketing Analytics.
NEW QUESTION # 61
The main purpose of a Statement Of Work (SOW) is to get:
- A. What the priorities are
- B. Everybody on the same page about what work should be done
- C. What expectations are realistic
- D. None of the above
- E. All of the above
Answer: E
Explanation:
A Statement of Work (SOW) is a formal document that defines the scope, objectives, deliverables, timeline, and expectations of a project. In data science and IT projects, it ensures:
Clarity of scope (Option A): Everyone understands exactly what work should be done.
Clear priorities (Option B): It defines what is most critical for success.
Realistic expectations (Option C): It aligns stakeholders by setting measurable and achievable goals.
Since all of these are essential purposes of an SOW, the correct answer is Option D (All of the above).
Reference:
DASCA Data Scientist Knowledge Framework (DSKF) - Business Applications: Project Governance and SOW.
NEW QUESTION # 62
Which of the following is TRUE about Avro?
- A. Avro is based on Remote Procedure Call (RPC)
- B. Avro is a data serialization framework
- C. Both A and B
- D. None of the above
Answer: C
Explanation:
Apache Avro is a widely used framework within the Hadoop ecosystem for data serialization and data exchange.
Option A (Correct): Avro is a compact, fast, binary data serialization format. It allows efficient storage and exchange of structured data.
Option B (Correct): Avro supports Remote Procedure Call (RPC). It provides a framework for RPC communication, making it easier for distributed applications to exchange data across systems.
Option C: Correct, since both statements are true.
Option D: Incorrect because Avro is indeed both a serialization framework and RPC-based.
In data engineering workflows, Avro is valuable because it is schema-based (defined using JSON), highly interoperable, and ensures compatibility across different programming languages. This makes it essential in big data pipelines, Kafka messaging, and Hadoop ecosystem tools.
Thus, the correct answer is Option C (Both A and B).
Reference:
DASCA Data Scientist Knowledge Framework (DSKF) - Big Data Ecosystem Tools & Data Serialization Techniques.
NEW QUESTION # 63
Which of the following is FALSE for Social Network Analysis (SNA)?
- A. SNA characterizes networked structures in terms of nodes and the ties or edges that connect them
- B. SNA is used to investigate social structures and relationships across social networks
- C. Social Network Analysis (SNA) is an example of trend analysis
- D. Social Network Analysis (SNA) is an example of graph analysis
- E. None of the above
Answer: C
Explanation:
Social Network Analysis (SNA) is a powerful analytical method that applies graph theory to study relationships among entities (people, organizations, computers, etc.).
Option A: Correct. SNA is indeed an example of graph analysis because it models entities as nodes and their relationships as edges/ties.
Option B: FALSE. SNA is not an example of trend analysis. Trend analysis focuses on temporal patterns (time series), while SNA is structural and relational.
Option C: Correct. SNA investigates structures such as communities, influencers, and information diffusion in networks.
Option D: Correct. The characterization of nodes and edges is central to SNA.
Option E: Incorrect, since we've identified Option B as false.
Thus, the false statement is Option B.
Reference:
DASCA Data Scientist Knowledge Framework (DSKF) - Analytics: Graph Analysis & Social Network Analysis.
NEW QUESTION # 64
Image files can be broken down into two broad categories:
i. Rasterized
ii. Vectorized
iii. Sectorized
- A. i, iii
- B. ii, iii
- C. i, ii
- D. None of the above
Answer: C
Explanation:
Images are broadly categorized based on how they store visual information:
Rasterized images (Option i):
Composed of a grid of pixels (bitmap).
Each pixel has color information.
Examples: JPEG, PNG, BMP.
Best for photos or complex visuals.
Vectorized images (Option ii):
Composed of paths defined by mathematical formulas.
Scalable without quality loss.
Examples: SVG, EPS, AI.
Best for logos, icons, and illustrations.
Sectorized images (Option iii):
Not a standard category in computer graphics.
Thus, image files are categorized into Rasterized and Vectorized, making Option A (i, ii) correct.
Reference:
DASCA Data Scientist Knowledge Framework (DSKF) - Data Types & Multimedia Data Management.
NEW QUESTION # 65
HDFS supports which quotas?
- A. Space quotas
- B. Name quotas
- C. Both A and B
- D. None of the above
Answer: C
Explanation:
HDFS (Hadoop Distributed File System) provides quota management to control and monitor resource usage across directories:
Name Quotas (Option A): Limits the number of files and directories that can be created in a given HDFS directory. Helps prevent excessive metadata growth.
Space Quotas (Option B): Limits the total disk space consumed by files within a directory. Helps in capacity planning and avoiding storage overuse.
Since HDFS supports both types, the correct answer is Option C (Both A and B).
Reference:
DASCA Data Scientist Knowledge Framework (DSKF) - Big Data Ecosystem: HDFS Management and Quotas.
NEW QUESTION # 66
What is Scrumban?
- A. It combines the principles of Scrum and Kanban into a push-based system
- B. It combines the principles of Scrum and Kanban into a pull-based system
- C. It is Scrum
- D. It is Kanban
Answer: B
Explanation:
Scrumban is a hybrid Agile methodology that merges Scrum and Kanban to take advantage of the strengths of both.
From Scrum, Scrumban adopts structured sprint planning, roles, and iterative review cycles.
From Kanban, it borrows the visual board system, continuous workflow management, and the pull-based approach, where tasks are pulled into the workflow only when capacity is available.
The pull-based system ensures that teams do not overload themselves and helps manage work-in-progress (WIP) effectively. This makes Scrumban particularly suitable for projects with frequent changes, ongoing maintenance tasks, or teams transitioning from Scrum to Kanban.
Thus, the correct answer is Option C.
Reference:
DASCA Data Scientist Knowledge Framework (DSKF) - Agile Project Management Techniques for Data Science.
NEW QUESTION # 67
The Big Data Vision Workshop process is ideal for organizations who:
- A. Have a wealth of data that they do not know how to monetize
- B. Have a desire to leverage Big Data to transform their business but do not know where and how to start
- C. Have a desire to leverage the Big Data Vision Workshop to identify where and how to leverage data and analytics to power their business models
- D. All of the above
- E. Both A and B
Answer: D
Explanation:
The Big Data Vision Workshop is an early-phase framework designed to help organizations shape their data- driven transformation journey. It is particularly beneficial when:
Option A: Organizations want to leverage big data but lack clarity on where to start.
Option B: Organizations already have large volumes of data but struggle to derive monetization strategies from it.
Option C: Organizations want to identify use cases where data and analytics can enhance or even redefine their business models.
Since all three statements apply, the correct answer is Option E (All of the above).
Reference:
DASCA Data Scientist Knowledge Framework (DSKF) - Business Applications of Data Science: Big Data Vision Workshop.
NEW QUESTION # 68
Business Intelligence (BI) is:
- A. Both B and C
- B. BI focuses on reporting on the future state of the business
- C. BI focuses on descriptive analytics
- D. BI focuses on "What happened?"
- E. Both A and B
Answer: E
Explanation:
Business Intelligence (BI) is primarily focused on descriptive analytics and reporting - understanding historical and current business performance.
Option A (Descriptive analytics): Correct. BI uses dashboards, reports, and OLAP tools to summarize what has occurred in the past.
Option B ("What happened?"): Correct. BI answers retrospective questions by analyzing transactional and operational data.
Option C (Future state): Incorrect. Predicting future business outcomes falls under predictive analytics or advanced analytics, not BI.
Thus, the correct answer is Option D (Both A and B).
Reference:
DASCA Data Scientist Knowledge Framework (DSKF) - Data Visualization & BI: Descriptive Analytics and Reporting.
NEW QUESTION # 69
Which of the following is a DevOps Practice?
- A. Continuous integration
- B. Continuous delivery
- C. All of the above
- D. Continuous build
Answer: C
Explanation:
DevOps is a collaborative practice that integrates software development (Dev) and IT operations (Ops) to shorten development cycles and deliver applications reliably. Common DevOps practices include:
Continuous Build (Option A): Automating compilation and packaging of source code to ensure consistent builds.
Continuous Integration (Option B): Developers frequently merge code into a shared repository, which is automatically tested to catch integration issues early.
Continuous Delivery (Option C): Automating software release pipelines so applications can be deployed to production quickly and reliably.
Since all of these are essential DevOps practices, the correct answer is Option D (All of the above).
Reference:
DASCA Data Scientist Knowledge Framework (DSKF) - Business Applications of Data Science: DevOps Practices in Data Science Projects.
NEW QUESTION # 70
In unsupervised learning, learning takes place by based on these deductions in input data and developing patterns:
- A. Detecting regularities
- B. Detecting irregularities
- C. Both A and B
- D. None of the above
Answer: C
Explanation:
Unsupervised learning is a machine learning approach where no labeled outputs are provided. The algorithm discovers patterns or structures directly from raw data.
Option A (Detecting regularities): Correct. Unsupervised learning identifies hidden structures such as clusters, associations, and dimensionality reductions (e.g., k-means clustering, PCA).
Option B (Detecting irregularities): Correct. Outlier detection is also a part of unsupervised learning, often used in anomaly detection (e.g., fraud detection, intrusion detection).
Option C: Correct, since unsupervised learning helps detect both regularities (clusters, groups) and irregularities (outliers, anomalies).
Thus, the correct answer is Option C (Both A and B).
Reference:
DASCA Data Scientist Knowledge Framework (DSKF) - Unsupervised Learning: Clustering, Anomaly Detection, and Pattern Discovery.
NEW QUESTION # 71
The Big Data Vision Workshop process is ideal for organizations who:
- A. Have a wealth of data that they do not know how to monetize
- B. Have a desire to leverage Big Data to transform their business but do not know where and how to start
- C. Have a desire to leverage the Big Data Vision Workshop to identify where and how to leverage data and analytics to power their business models
- D. All of the above
- E. Both A and B
Answer: D
Explanation:
The Big Data Vision Workshop is an early-phase framework designed to help organizations shape their data- driven transformation journey. It is particularly beneficial when:
Option A: Organizations want to leverage big data but lack clarity on where to start.
Option B: Organizations already have large volumes of data but struggle to derive monetization strategies from it.
Option C: Organizations want to identify use cases where data and analytics can enhance or even redefine their business models.
Since all three statements apply, the correct answer is Option E (All of the above).
Reference:
DASCA Data Scientist Knowledge Framework (DSKF) - Business Applications of Data Science: Big Data Vision Workshop.
NEW QUESTION # 72
Data wrangling is the process of getting the data from:
- A. Its modified meaning format into something suitable for more conventional analytics
- B. Its raw format into something suitable for more conventional analytics
- C. None of the above
- D. Both A and B
Answer: B
Explanation:
Data wrangling (also called data munging) refers to transforming raw, messy, or unstructured data into a clean and structured format suitable for analysis.
Option A: Correct. Raw data often contains missing values, duplicates, or irregular formats. Wrangling prepares it for conventional analytics and machine learning.
Option B: Incorrect. Wrangling does not involve "modified meaning"; it focuses on cleaning, structuring, and integrating.
Option C: Incorrect, since only A is correct.
Option D: Incorrect, because wrangling is explicitly described in A.
Thus, the correct answer is Option A.
Reference:
DASCA Data Scientist Knowledge Framework (DSKF) - Data Engineering Practices: Data Wrangling & Preprocessing.
NEW QUESTION # 73
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